Battering Intervention and Prevention Program (BIPP) Do You Hurt the Ones You Love? Help for People Who Batter. The Family Place Battering Intervention & Prevention. . 692-8295 DENTON Denton County Friends of the Family--Battering Intervention and Prevention Program Denton County. County--Battering Intervention and. . Battering Intervention and. Read Microsoft Word - Battering Intervention and Prevention. Denton County Friends of the Family Battering Intervention. Mark H. Sandel Education M.S.S.W. Battering Intervention Program, Denton County Friends of the Family. May, 1990 - 1994: Director, Battering Intervention Program. Accredited Battering Intervention and Prevention. DENTON Denton County Friends of the Family—Battering Intervention and Prevention Program Denton County. The Family Place Battering Intervention. understand that said notification is a requirement of the Texas Council on Family. Program at Denton County Friends. Denton County Friends Of The Family. 1400 Crescent St, Suite 5 Denton, TX. About Denton County Friends Of The Family. battering intervention services and. Emergency Shelter Advocacy Services Counseling Services Child & Adolescent Counseling Violence Intervention. Program is to help. battering intervention. Where can I take Batterer's Intervention Program in Tarrant County. Where can I take Batterer's Intervention Program in. Denton: Denton Friends of the Family. Battering Intervention and Prevention Programs in Texas. Denton County Friends of the Family Battering. Violence Intervention Program Bexar County. Denton County Friends Of The Family. Home » Texas Women's Shelters » Denton Women's Shelters. Crescent St, Suite 5. Denton, TX - 7. 62. Join. About Denton County Friends Of The Family. Offers protective services through emergency shelter to victims of family violence and sexual assault. Other services include a telephone Hotline for crisis counseling, community presentations on family violence and rape, supportive counseling to rape or family violence victims and their families, victim advocacy, battering intervention services and parenting classes. Donations To Denton County Friends Of The Family. We receive many requests from users who would like to donate to the women's shelters listed. Please call the shelter directly at (8. If you would like to volunteer, please call the same number and ask.
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Leadership Loudoun develops current and emerging. County of Loudoun, Loudoun. Leadership Loudoun offers ongoing leadership training and support to everyone who. Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present; People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account; This link expires 10 minutes after. Leadership Loudoun Youth is a week-long leadership program designed to introduce youth to leadership. County; Youth who participate in the program. Leadership Loudoun. Leadership Loudoun develops current and emerging leaders in Loudoun County, Virginia to work together to make a better community. Founded in 1. 99. County of Loudoun, Loudoun County Chamber of Commerce, and Loudoun County Volunteer Service, we are a nonprofit membership- based organization. Developing Loudoun’s Leaders. Since 1. 99. 1, Leadership Loudoun has graduated over 5. Discover. Discover your leadership capacity with professional coaching and curriculum. Question # 3: What qualifications do you possess that you think make you a strong candidate for the Fairfax County Youth Leadership Program? PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION. Fairfax County Youth Leadership Program. 2012. Contact Us. . for county resources as well as county projects. Youth Program Point of Contact. © 2012 Leadership Fairfax, Inc. Interested in Applying? Youth Leadership Program Application (The application process is closed.). Fairfax County Youth Leadership Program 2012 RamInspire. Inspire community involvement by exploring Loudoun’s issues and culture. Connect. Connect to other leaders and expand and diversify your professional network. FAIRFAX COUNTY COLTS SPIRIT PROGRAM The Fairfax County Colts youth Spirit program is a developmental program that promotes skill development and enhancement. The Fairfax Partnership for Youth develops programs and services that address the needs of the. FPY provides training and technical support to mentoring program. Fairfax County Youth Leadership Program 2012 ChevyFulbright in Vietnam Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs- Overview. The Fulbright Program offers grants to Vietnam for U. S. citizens. U. S. Vietnam, while U. S. scholars may teach or research in Vietnam through Fulbright. The Fulbright Program in Vietnam is comprised of traditional and non-traditional components, as follows: The U.S. Scholar Program; The Vietnamese Scholar Program.
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Corrosion Control - AVweb Features Article. Corrosion Control. By Light Plane Maintenance Staff April 2. Related Articles. Upfront Tips• Careful visual inspection is the key tool in recognizing corrosion• Understanding corrosion processes is essential to catch it early• Where you live is key in understanding how vigorous a corrosion control program must be. Electro- Chemical Series. The Air Force Corrosion Prevention and Control Office (AFCPCO) manages the Air Force's corrosion program, and is the Air Force's single focal point for all system. AFH33-337 - Tongue and Quill; AFI36-2903 - Dress and Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel; AFI91-203 - AF Consolidated Occupational Safety Instruction.Listed from most anodic (most corrosive) to most cathodic (least corrosive): Magnesium. Zinc. Clad 7. 07. Aluminum Alloy. Pure Aluminum (1. Clad 2. 02. 4 Aluminum Alloy. Cadmium. 70. 76- T6 Aluminum Alloy. T3 Aluminum Alloy. Mild Steel. Lead. Tin. Copper. Stainless Steel. Silver. Nickel. Chromium. Gold. Corrosion Factors. There are a number of factors that influence both the degree and rate of corrosion: 1. The type of metal. Heat treatment and grain direction can increase tendency to stress corrosion. The presence of a metal that's less subject to corrosion. Anode and cathode surface area sizes. The higher the temperature the faster the reaction. Presence of and nature of the electrolyte. Availability of oxygen. Presence of differing concentrations of the same electrolyte. Presence of bacterial organisms accelerates some forms of corrosion. Mechanical stress may accelerate some forms of corrosion. The time exposed to the corrosive environment affects degree of corrosion, but removal does not always stop destruction in some forms such as fatigue corrosion. Maintenance. The basic definition of corrosion is the electrochemical deterioration of metal due to chemical reaction to the surrounding environment. The by- products are powder- like and may be colored from light gray to white to red to black, depending on the metals involved. Corrosion, left unchecked, goes from unattractive to destructive, sometimes alarmingly fast depending on the metal and the environment. Corrosion can greatly compromise the strength and integrity of the aircraft structure. If left unattended for an extended period of time, it will have the same effect on your bank account. Most modern aircraft are made of several different lightweight metals that have an undesirable trait of a high electrode potential. This means that they are very reactive to any contaminants in the air. Aircraft that operate in industrial areas, coastal regions or a very humid climate are especially susceptible to the effects of corrosion. Even Alclad aluminum, which is relatively safe from simple atmospheric attack, is vulnerable in these hostile conditions. Basic corrosion- cell diagram showing conditions that must be met for electrochemical corrosion to occur. The normal prevention method is to simply paint the surfaces to preclude contact between anode and cathode. Most aircraft metals are subject to this form of corrosion. There are four basic requirements for corrosion to form: 1. There must be the presence of a metal that will corrode (anode). A dissimilar conductive material that has less tendency to corrode must be present (cathode). Some form of electrolyte (e. Electrical contact between the anode and cathode must be present such as metal- to- metal contact of a fastener. If we remove any one of these basic requirements, corrosion can be controlled. Very small environmental changes can have a dramatic effect on the speed of corrosion. Different metals and different alloys of metal will corrode at different rates. All metals can be arranged on an Electro- Chemical Series (see table at right). The higher the metal is on the table, the more prone it is to corrode. Interestingly, metals and alloys that are most used in aircraft construction comprise the top half of the table. This is the penalty for light weight and strength at affordable prices. Corrosion can take many forms, most of which are thought of as gradual processes. Multiple forms can be at work at the same time. Examples are surface- etch corrosion, pitting, and exfoliation, which we will describe later on. However, there are also forms of corrosion that can occur more rapidly, such as stress corrosion cracking, environmental hydrogen embrittlement, and fatigue corrosion. These latter forms are influenced by both chemical and mechanical aspects of the environment, and can cause catastrophic structural failures without a great deal of warning. Oxidation. Corrosion starts on the surface like a dental cavity, but can work inside and wreak havoc. High- strength aluminum alloys can lose most of their strength if this goes unchecked. One of the most common gradual types of corrosion you will encounter is atmospheric corrosion, sometimes called oxidation. Whenever a metal is exposed to any gas that contains oxygen atoms along with atmospheric moisture, a reaction occurs. Two atoms from the metal join with three atoms of oxygen to form an oxide. How serious is this type of corrosion? It depends on what type of metal is involved. When an aluminum surface is involved, the corrosion by- product is aluminum oxide. Once the layer of aluminum oxide film is formed, it provides an easily penetrated barrier between the aluminum surface and oxygen elements. Further deterioration can continue under the oxide layer, but at a reduced rate. Unfortunately, the surface oxidation may mask a serious level of corrosion going on below. A number of different aluminum alloys are used on a typical plane, and they have differing susceptibilities to corrosion. Never trust an oxide film to protect aircraft components from further deterioration. There is a form of oxide film that forms very tightly bound to the surface of some metals. It creates what is called a passive film. Stainless steel and titanium are also examples of such metals. Once formed, further deterioration is stopped unless the film is broken. Unfortunately the film is all too flimsy to provide useful self- limiting. Pure aluminum is very resistant to corrosion but not strong enough to be used in any structural capacity. It is used on sheet metal as a very thin coating called cladding, but it is easily broken through to the less corrosion- resistant structural component of the sheet without extra care. Careless use of a machine buffer can even go through cladding, as can minor scratches. When an iron surface is involved, the corrosion by- product is iron oxide, which we all know as rust. Rust never sleeps, and the iron oxide forms a porous film that cannot seal out the oxygen. The reaction between the surface and the oxygen will continue until the metal is completely eaten away. Surface Etch. If the battery box (removed) is not kept clean and dry, corrosion can spread by contact to surrounding areas (arrow). A periodic, comprehensive visual inspection is a big help. General surface- etch corrosion is a very common type of corrosion encountered in the aviation field. This occurs when an unprotected metal surface is exposed to a corrosive atmosphere such as exhaust fumes, salt air, industrial contaminants, or acidic fumes (like those found in your aircraft's battery box). The exposed surface takes on a uniform, dull appearance caused by microscopic amounts of salts being formed. If these salts are not removed and the surface is not treated to prevent further decay, this type of corrosion will reach the next level, known as pitting, which can be deceptively destructive. When surface- etch corrosion is left to have its own way, pits will form in localized areas. In its early stages, pitting makes its presence known by producing small clumps of white powder on the surface. In its later stages, it can be detected by using a small flashlight to shine light through the holes in the surface of the metal. Intergranular. Arguably, one of the most insidious forms of corrosion is intergranular corrosion. It is often difficult to detect, and can be enabled by the heat- treating procedure used during manufacture of the metal when the treatment is not done properly or there is a subsurface flaw that can cause substantial weakening of the part in service to where it can fail. In the heat- treating process, metals are heated to a temperature at which the alloying agents blend into solution with each other. After the solution has reached a uniform temperature throughout, the metal is removed from the furnace and immediately quenched to solidify the elements into extremely small grains. If the quenching process is delayed, even by only a few seconds, these grains will grow. When finally quenched, they may have grown to such a size that areas of dissimilar metals can provide cathodes and anodes for the formation of corrosion. If - - through a scratch, gouge, or pit - - an electrolyte is allowed to reach the boundary layer between the grains, the corrosive action can continue inside the metal. Another cause of grain enlargement, and hence, intergranular corrosion, can be found from imperfect electrical welding on steel or 6. Beneath the surface of a weld, small blisters may form during the welding process. The surface over these welding blisters is very thin and can be picked open with a knife or an awl. When the blister is opened you'll find a small depression containing the salts of this type of corrosion. Aluminum alloys 2. Once intergranular corrosion reaches the point at which the metal is starting to delaminate, it is called exfoliation corrosion. The delamination of the metal occurs along the grain boundaries in the material. Here again, aluminum forgings and extrusions are especially prone to attack due to grain structure. Galvanic and Intergranular. Hinges, such as found on many control surfaces, can harbor lots of corrosion potential. Some lubricants act as dust and dirt magnets, which accelerate wear. Keep these areas clean. Galvanic corrosion, also known as dissimilar metal corrosion, can occur any time two requirements are met: Two or more dissimilar metals must be connected in a manner that provides a path for the flow of electrons, and their common surfaces must be covered with a form of electrolyte. It can be easily recognized by the buildup of corrosion at the joint between metals.
Windows 1.x and Windows 2.x. The installation of Windows 1.x, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1x requires that a compatible version of MS-DOS is installed. Windows Setup - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The process in which retail versions of Microsoft Windows are installed onto a computer is referred to as Windows Setup. This process has changed significantly with the introduction of Windows NT 3. Windows Vista. Windows 1. Windows 2. x[edit]The installation of Windows 1. Windows 2. 0, Windows 2. MS- DOS is installed. The user must specify any hardware such as mice or printers during installation. After the installation, Windows was to be started either manually by typing "WIN. COM" at the command prompt, or configured for automatic startup by adding WIN. COM to the end of AUTOEXEC. If you need to install Windows or Linux and you don’t have access to a CD/DVD drive, a bootable USB drive is the solution. You can boot to the USB drive. How to Create Bootable USB Drive of Windows Setup without Using Any Software? As you know, a bootable USB drive comes handy in many situations such as re-installing. How to Setup 'Windows 8 To Go' on a USB Flash Drive or USB Disk in any Windows 7 and Windows 8.Click here to read the entire tutorial. To install the Windows USB/DVD Download Tool: 1. Click to open the Windows USB/DVD Download Tool page. 2. Click Download then Run. 3. Follow the steps in the setup. BAT. Windows 3. x[edit]The installation of Windows 3. Windows 3. 1x and Windows 3. DOS operating system is already installed. The installer attempts to detect network cards, mice, and other hardware on its own but will rely on the user to specify hardware if it cannot find them. After the installation, Windows was to be started either manually by typing "WIN. COM" at the command prompt, or configured for automatic startup by adding WIN. COM to the end of AUTOEXEC. BAT. [1]Windows 9x[edit]Windows 9. Windows 9. 8 and Windows Me do not require MS- DOS. The first phase of setup prepares the hard disk partition for use by Windows by formatting it to a compatible file system, then runs scandisk, and, if the hard disk appears to be ready for installation in terms of free space and disk integrity, then it will copy files to the selected installation folder (typically C: WINDOWS). The first phase of setup resembles the interface of Windows 3. Once this phase is finished, the computer reboots and setup resumes from the hard disk, but still requires the installation media to continue copying files and drivers. The Windows 7 USB/DVD Download tool allows you to create a copy of your Windows 7 ISO file to turn into a bootable USB flash drive or DVD. When you purchase Windows 7. If you have a computer and would like to install Windows, you may be wondering how to do it without a clunky external DVD Drive. Today we show you how to install. Windows USB/DVD Download Tool allow you to easily create bootable DVD or USB Keys for Windows 7/8 installation from the ISO file downloaded from Microsoft Store. At this point the user will be asked to provide a product key. Windows NT[edit]Before Windows Vista[edit]The setup process introduced with Windows NT 3. Windows Vista. The general process is: The user inserts the installation media, initiates the process, and Setup loads various hardware and file- system drivers. If any third- party drivers are needed in order to detect an SCSI or RAID system, setup pauses and requests the supply of a driver on a floppy disk. See F6 disk. The user is then presented with a text- based interface which gives three options 1) install Windows, 2) repair an existing installation, or 3) quit setup.[2]If the user decides to install Windows, he/she is presented with an agreement that they must accept before Setup will continue. Prior to Windows 2. The user must create or select a partition, then a filesystem (either NTFS or FAT). If either of these file systems is already present and there is no version of Windows already on the disk, it is also possible to leave the current file system intact. The hard disk is checked for errors and space requirements, then, if it passes the check, Windows will be installed. After the text- based phase of Setup is finished, the computer reboots and starts a graphical phase of setup from the hard disk, prompting the user to reinsert the installation media, to enter the product key, and then it continues copying files and drivers. All versions of Windows NT up to Windows Server 2. Windows XP Home Edition, prompt the user to enter an Administrator password. On Windows 2. 00. Windows XP and Windows Server 2. Recovery Console is included to repair damaged installations. It allows the user to repair disk and boot record errors, and copy missing or corrupted files to the destination folders. After Windows Vista[edit]Windows Vista and subsequent operating systems all utilize Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) as the installation environment. Windows PE features a graphical user interface with mouse support from the beginning, rather than requiring a text- only phase as in previous versions. The concept of F6 disks has been improved to provide support for computers without floppy drives; the loading of drivers from CD- ROMs and USB flash drives is now supported. Support for installing Windows onto FAT partitions has been dropped; Windows must be installed onto an NTFS partition.[3][not in citation given]Windows 8[edit]Windows 8 introduces a new secondary installer known as the Upgrade Assistant, replacing Windows Setup for upgrade installations. Designed to be simpler and faster than previous installation methods, it analyses the system's hardware and software for compatibility with Windows 8, allows the user to purchase, download, and install the operating system, and migrate files and settings from the previous Windows installation in the case of a clean install.[4][5] Windows Setup is still used when booting from installation media.[5]References[edit]. Tiny ticks a threat to Soldier health, mission readiness Article. U. S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. Tick- borne illnesses present a serious health threat that also can jeopardize operational readiness. In the United States, the threat is especially strong in late spring and summer. Aberdeen Proving Ground has a healthy population of ticks. The black- legged tick, commonly called the deer tick, is most abundant on post, according to Ellen Stromdahl, an entomologist at the U. S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. We received a letter from a soldier who had returned from combat in Afghanistan. In it he shares why he sees tiny houses as a cure for a soldier's soul. Soldier Nanotechnologies — Developing Revolutionary Survivability. These tiny length scales. The ISN basic research program has five SRAs focused on Soldier. APG's climate and environment support a large number of deer ticks; and like all ticks, they thrive in humid areas with lots of brush. APG also has large, undeveloped areas populated with deer and other animals that serve as hosts for ticks, Stromdahl said. Deer make the perfect hosts for adult deer ticks (which cause Lyme disease) to feed and mate. This makes any site with a large deer population a high risk area for ticks and the spread of Lyme disease. CHPPM entomologists have found that about 2. Lyme disease. "Ticks are ranked second among arthropods at causing life- threatening and debilitating human disease," Stromdahl said. Arthropods include insects, spiders and centipedes, as well as other segmented creatures.)Studies and surveys of Soldiers involved in deployment or training repeatedly indicate that ticks impede performance due to discomfort, distraction, bites or sickness, Stromdahl said. She added that Soldiers may leave their posts, change routes or locations, or abandon their cover, all because ticks are present."Soldiers think of everything but ticks when they are going into battle or training," she said. At those times, they have more important situations to deal with."However, Soldiers ignore potential tick bites at their peril."Different tick species transmit different pathogens [disease- causing agents]," she said. The DOD Human Test Kit Program, which she leads, has analyzed ticks taken from Soldiers' bodies and found tick species that cause Lyme disease, babesiosis (an infection resembling malaria), ehrlichiosis (which can cause fever, kidney failure, seizures and other medical conditions), Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other potentially serious diseases. The effects of tick bites are usually treatable; however, long- term effects to joints, the heart and the nervous system can occur. Left untreated, some tick- borne diseases can be fatal. Initial symptoms of tick bites include headache, fatigue, rash, nausea and fever. There are simple precautions that Soldiers can take while training or working in a tick- infested area to decrease their risk of being infected, Stromdahl said. These include wearing a permethrin- treated uniform, putting DEET on all exposed skin, sleeping under a permethrin- treated bed net and wearing their uniform with sleeves down and pants tucked into boots to act as a physical barrier. Civilians and Family members should take similar precautions, and wear light- colored, tucked- in clothing.)If despite these protective measures Soldiers find a tick attached to them, the Do. D Human Tick Test Kit Program can help. Stromdahl and the staff of CHPPM's Entomological Sciences Program can test and identify whether a tick is infected with any of eight different diseases at no cost to the Soldier. Soldiers may contact the program through their military medical care provider. The Tick Test Kit Program averages two to three thousand ticks from all over the country each year. Currently the program only accepts ticks from inside the United States. Even with the help of the testing program, Soldiers training and living on installations with an environment that supports ticks must remain vigilant in protecting their health, Stromdahl advised. For more information about ticks, visit the CHPPM Entomological Sciences Program on the Web at http: //chppm- www. Proper tick removal. Remove attached ticks immediately. Grasp the tick's mouthparts as close to the skin as possible with fine- tipped tweezers; pull back slowly and steadily with firm force until the barbed mouthparts can be eased out of the skin. Be patient. DO NOT squeeze the body of the tick or apply any substance, including petroleum jelly, nail polish, nail polish remover, repellents, pesticides or a lighted match to the tick while it is attached. These materials or methods are either ineffective or, worse, might force more infective fluid into the body. After removal, wash the bite site and apply an antiseptic. The Nipper Tiny Smartphone Charger Hits Kickstarter Power Up Your Meals With The Game Box Lunchbox. program manager in the Computer Sciences Division at ARL. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). The Army Certification Program was developed by PEO Soldier to evaluate. only tiny amounts of. This thread is dedicated sticky for all global future soldier programs and. unit rather than just as a tiny cogwheel. Soldier program is an. Soldier Center - Providing individual, couple, and family therapy. Specializing in helping military personnel and veterans reclaim their lives after deployment. Tiny rockets spiral out of Soldier: 76’s Pulse Rifle in a single. he is believed to have been trained as a member of the American 'soldier enhancement program.'. Soldier & Family Assistance Program Manager, Los Angeles, CA. 170 likes. Soldier & Family Assistance Programs. What wonderful news for this brave soldier and. Rate boxes they will be making with Letters to Soldiers and after I. my tiny disability check and all I have. Tiny ticks a threat to Soldier health, mission readiness. eight different diseases at no cost to the Soldier. Soldiers may contact the program through their. Contact a military medical care provider for instructions on submitting the tick for identification and testing to the Do. D Human Tick Test Kit Program. If the patient develops flu- like symptoms or rashes, or otherwise feels sick after the tick bite, seek medical attention immediately. Take the tick to the clinic. Prompt diagnosis and treatment will likely speed recovery and prevent lingering symptoms. Volunteer travel with GVI USA. Every year we host a number of our very own open days and you are invited! Our volunteer abroad programs enable you to play a vital role in pioneering volunteer abroad programs worldwide. Volunteer abroad and travel around the world'GVI's dive safety standards are exemplary' - DAN (Divers Alert Network)" width="1. Our partnership with GVI has allowed us to expand our programme of safeguarding at- risk children' - Save the Children, Mexico" width="1. We are looking forward to a continued collaboration and expanding the role of Duke. Engage volunteers in the Phang Nga region' - Duke University" width="1. I would like to thank the GVI Water Security Project for reaching out to help communities where they are most vulnerable and where it matters most' - Fiji Red Cross" width="1. GVI's research and conservation has been of great benefit in raising awareness and providing data towards the conservation of marine mammals' - WWF, Kenya" width="1. You could also travel by volunteering and working abroad like with organizations such as Peace Corps, Global Vision International or the Red Cross.' - The Banner, College of Staten Island" width="1. GoAbroad.com is a comprehensive Volunteer Abroad directory of 5571 verified volunteer programs and projects in 156 countries, complete with funding options. Volunteer Abroad. Volunteer Abroad. Short-Term (1. of course – you’ll have everything you need to help make your gap year volunteering a success. Explore Our Long-Term Programs. Become an International Volunteer and choose from programs in Asia, Africa or Latin. Long Term Projects. Spending your time on a project as a volunteer for a year allows you to really form a strong bond with the. Find and fund your volunteer abroad trip with Volunteer Forever! Program reviews and fundraising tools for your volunteer, gap year or mission trip. 10 of the Best Volunteer Abroad Organizations Your guide to travolunteering. WHAT A large variety of volunteer, work and summer camp programs is availble on Bunac. long before it was a trend. Projects Abroad is the largest international volunteer abroad program in the. we send 10,000 people abroad each year on a variety of service projects and internships. Summer Volunteer Programs for High School Students. Volunteer abroad with GVI. Volunteer Abroad. Volunteer Projects; Under 18. We send over 2,000 people to volunteer abroad every year to help keep our projects sustainable and to ensure their positive impact on. Year Duration – Volunteer Abroad Programs. Volunteers For Peace. Volunteers For Peace, a Vermont- based nonprofit, has been offering volunteer projects around the world for over 3. In France, VFP offers over 4. Volunteer projects center around renovation, construction, historic preservation, archaeology, festivals, environmental projects like trail building, park maintenance, education, organic farming, working with s.. Long-Term Volunteer Abroad. I can’t think of a better way to describe this year abroad. United Planet offers programs as the U.S. and Canadian member of the. 581 1-2 Year Volunteer Abroad Programs. International Volunteer HQ. The Special Needs project offers vocational, educational, therapeutic and recreational. Year-long Volunteer Teaching Positions in Chile. General Chemistry - Wikibooks, open books for an open world. General Chemistry Books Free DownloadChemistry - list of freely downloadable books at E-Books Directory. Differential Equations In Applied Chemistry by F.L. Hitchcock, C.S. Robinson - John Wiley And. Darrell Ebbing has taught general chemistry for more than thirty years and is now retired from Wayne State University. He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry. If the temperature and pressure change and move across a line in the diagram, the phase will also to change. There are six ways this can happen. A selective, annotated collection of the collection of the best Web links for students of General Chemistry. Online shopping for Books from a great selection of General & Reference, Physical & Theoretical, Organic, Industrial & Technical, Analytic, Inorganic & more at. General Chemistry Books Pdf1/12/10: General Chemistry Online will be undergoing maintenance, reorganization, and substantial expansion as we prepare to launch a sequel site. Food Aid Does NOT Help Africa: It IS The Problem. A general definition of food aid is that it is the provision of food and related assistance to tackle hunger, either in emergency situations, or to help with deeper, longer term alleviation and achieve food security, so that people don’t have to live in hunger or fear of starvation. It flows in the form of food or cash to purchase food in support of food assistance programs. According to the United Nations, there are still over 8. The big donors of food aid are large international institutions that are mainly from the developed countries (i. The US, Western Europe, and Canada). Both the US and Canada were the first countries that started providing food aid since the 1. World Food Program (WFP) joined in the 1. Other noticeable institutions are the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Non- Governmental Organization (NGOs) that are predominantly US- based (i. World Vision, CARE and the Catholic Relief Service (CRS)). Food Security Indicators and Framework for. Food Security Indicators and Framework for use in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Aid. Food aid: a critical program, ripe for reform. There is momentum behind efforts to reform US food aid. Let’s make sure good ideas become law. This legislation will allow the US aid program to reach 14 million. Food Aid for the Hungry? By Katarina Wahlberg Global Policy Forum January 2008. Instead, recipient governments sell the. The European Union (EU) on the other hand is the second largest food aid donator since the 1. Currently there are three types of food aid and which are: Program Food Aid: – This is a form of in- kind aid whereby food is grown in the donor country for distribution or sale abroad to countries that are in dire need of food assistance. Food Aid Project offers procurement tools and resources for nonprofit. Food Aid Project’s online system saves food aid organizations countless hours of price collection and comparison and ensures they have the. CRS will seek to replace monetization with cash funding to cover program.This is typically a government- to- government transfer. Rather than being free food, recipient countries typically purchase the food with money borrowed at lower than market going rates. Relief/Emergency Food aid: - This is typically for emergency situations, such in cases of war, natural disasters, etc. However, there are a few negative effects of food aid that affect the recipient country quiet severely, sometimes severe enough to counter the initial benefits of food aid. First, the recipient country should be cautious about the acceptance of food related assistance since it can/is still used as a foreign policy tool. The donor’s assistance may seem to be out of good intentions but behind these intentions lie domestic (donor) interests which in first sight aren’t recognizable and this is one of the big problems because food aid and famines can be and have been exploited as commercial opportunities. Therefore as mentioned earlier, recipient countries should be careful because it is/can be used to expand and gain more power (the donor) in these regions where policies are made up to benefit the donors needs. For instance, the dumping of cheap surplus food on poor countries by the donors opens for them new markets so that they can sell their products, which then strengthens their exports. On the other side it weakens the recipients’ country because money flows out of the country and this encourages the increased consumption of cheap imports resulting in the undermining of local agriculture, thus driving the “non- competitive” farmers out of agriculture and increasing food insecurity, hunger and poverty. The US in particular uses the Program Food Aid, which by definition seems to benefit the US a lot more that the recipient country. For example, in the 1. US has been open about the fact that food aid was a good way to fight communism and for decades food aid has mostly gone to countries with strategic interests in mind. Now since this food (from the Program Food Aid) is mostly (or mainly) for sale, it has been criticized for being expensive but there are reasons for such as: – Fuel costs have risen in recent years, important for both for industrial agriculture andshipping– The value of the dollar weakening. While this can help poor countries in their debtrepayments, it increases the costs of food imports. In this case poor people will still struggle to afford some food if fuel costs keep rising and the value of their home currencies relative to the dollar keeps weakening. This also leads to the rise in national debt since money is flowing out of the recipient country and most debts are denominated to the dollar – the rise of the dollar relative to home currency raises the value of the debt. Furthermore, the rise of fuel costs reduces the amount of food aid for the hungry leaving them once again hungry and increasing food insecurity. Secondly, is the dumping of genetically modified (GM) food as aid during famines and other undesirable food during emergency reliefs. Emergency Food Security Program. LRPP Local and Regional Procurement Project. International Food Aid Programs. The information you provide will help us contact you in an emergency. Register your travel plans. The purpose of the aid program is to promote Australia’s national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth. Both programs provide emergency food assistance to address. One example that is worth dwelling on here was the exaggeration of the situation in Zambia and portraying that country’s refusal of GM food as threatening lives and being irresponsible. US government officials and other global related institutions also tried to use international and domestic political pressure to force Zambia to accept GM food. This included holding the Zambian Government responsible for starving its own people to death: “This famine is very dangerous and it’s going to kill a lot of people if decisions are not made quickly,” said Mr. Natsios, USAID Director, accused environmental groups of endangering the lives of millions of people in southern Africa by encouraging local governments to reject GM food aid. Natsios said, “They can play these games with Europeans, who have full stomachs, but it is revolting and despicable to see them do so when the lives of Africans are at stake.” He added, “The Bush administration is not going to sit there and let these groups kill millions of poor people in southern Africa through their ideological campaign.” FEWSNET, the USAID early warning system, also published several reports backing the US position and holding the Zambian government liable for the delays in food deliveries. Obviously, USAID’s primary concern was not Zambian lives. Despite alarming statements by USAID officials, there was no famine in Zambia. All malnutrition surveys conducted in the country in 2. But another percentage may explain the US position in this matter: 3. U. S is genetically modified. US insistence that African countries accept GM food aid originated from the pressure of US agribusiness interests rather than humanitarian concern. As a matter of fact, the US Grains Council and the National Corn Growers Association delivered a joint letter to President Bush in January 2. WTO, but also to encourage acceptance of GM corn in food aid shipments. Here is the solution: the United States and the EU should remove agricultural subsidies. One myth that people have is that Africans starve because of lack of food – that is a lie. Supply of food is not the problem, demand, or rather ability to access food is what becomes a problem in event of famine and starvation. Nyerere, Tanzania’s first president famously said that “Africans produce what they do not consume and consume what they do not produce.” There have been countries that have seen famine even in times that those countries were net food exporters – Ethiopia, Malawi, and Tanzania are examples but to mention a few. So what is the role of subsidies? Subsidies in effect lower the prices of agricultural products in the global markets by increasing supply (supply that wouldn’t have been their if it was not for subsidies). So this lowers the profit that African farmers’ (who make the majority of the working population by the way) profit, which lessens their (farmers) ability to access food. The ability to access food is lessened because when the profits from products sold by Africans in the global market are less than expected, farmers’ wallets and hand bags (assuming they have them) have less than is needed to feed themselves and their families. Here is a statistic: the profits that Ghana, Mali and Burkina Faso lost because of US cotton subsidies are much more than the total amount of aid (including food aid) these countries have received since they were independent. This is incredible, that what these countries have foregone is much more than they have been given in charity. So, remove the subsidies in the US and Europe and African farmers will generate so much profit that they will be able to access, buy, food. It is easy to understand this. You can starve in a city, even next to a supermarket, unless you have money to access food. Food aid is provided with the assumption that there is shortfall in supply, which is a myth – rather the truth is that people starve because they can not access food, because it is too expensive, or they have too little money than is needed. Cut food aid, cause it is not benign anyway, if you really want to bring about food security (for African countries), then eradicate subsidies in the US and Europe – any economist would tell you that, well lets hope so. By Stocky Hoffmann. |
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September 2016
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