North Dakota Optometrist Directory. 586 Park Street Dickinson, ND 58601 Phone: (701)690-7937 Fax:(701)483-9501. This information was downloaded from the Web site of the California Acupuncture Board on March 2, 2009. It summarizes actions from May 1996 through September 2008. Effects of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Training Adaptations and Markers of Anabolism and Catabolism. Stolen License Plate- On February 22nd, Officer Brian Sabatelli investigated the theft of a license plate at Skyline Auto Auction located on Route 46. Rasmusssen Family Tree Everybody needs his memories. They keep the wolf of insignificance from the door. As of October, 2010 Wheelwright Rasmus Rasmussen, born in. Trauma is a television series which originally ran on NBC from September 28, 2009 to April 28, 2010 and focused on a group of paramedics in San Francisco, California. Original Article. Use of Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors in Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects. Sura Alwan, M.Sc., Jennita Reefhuis, Ph.D., Sonja A. Lars Christopher Gillberg (born 19 April 1950), who has sometimes published as Gillberg and Gillberg with his wife Carina Gillberg, is a professor of child and. Welcome Again! This is a secure page, and transfer of the information to ATI is encrypted for your protection. Complete student/employee data are needed to provide. An error occurred while setting your user cookie. Please set your. browser to accept cookies to continue. NEJM. org uses cookies to improve performance by remembering your. ID when you navigate from page to page. This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is. Effects of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Training Adaptations and Markers of Anabolism and Catabolism. Abstract. This study examined whether supplementing the diet with a commercial supplement containing zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) during training affects zinc and magnesium status, anabolic and catabolic hormone profiles, and/or training adaptations. Forty- two resistance trained males (2. P) or ZMA 3. 0–6. Subjects completed testing sessions at 0, 4, and 8 weeks that included body composition assessment as determined by dual energy X- ray absorptiometry, 1- RM and muscular endurance tests on the bench and leg press, a Wingate anaerobic power test, and blood analysis to assess anabolic/catabolic status as well as markers of health. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results indicated that ZMA supplementation non- significantly increased serum zinc levels by 1. However, no significant differences were observed between groups in anabolic or catabolic hormone status, body composition, 1- RM bench press and leg press, upper or lower body muscular endurance, or cycling anaerobic capacity. Results indicate that ZMA supplementation during training does not appear to enhance training adaptations in resistance trained populations. Keywords: sports nutrition, resistance training, zinc, magnesium, ergogenic aids. Introduction. Zinc is an essential trace element involved in a range of vital biochemical processes and is required for the activity of more than 3. Zinc- containing enzymes participate in many components of macronutrient metabolism, particularly cell replication. In addition, zinc- containing enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase and lactate debydrogenase are involved in exercise metabolism while superoxide dismutase protects against free radical damage. Zinc deficiencies have been shown to be higher in athletes and/or individuals who recreationally train [1- 3]. Zinc deficiencies in athletes have been suggested to contribute to impaired immune function and decreased performance [1,4- 6]. Magnesium is a ubiquitous element that plays a fundamental role in many cellular reactions. More than 3. 00 metabolic reactions require magnesium as a cofactor. Some important examples include glycolysis, fat and protein metabolism, adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and second messenger system. Magnesium also serves as a physiological regulator of membrane stability and in neuromuscular, cardiovascular, immune, and hormonal function. It also appears that there is a relationship between magnesium levels and cortisol, which has been reported to have negative effects on strength gains and muscle mass during training. A 1. 98. 4 [7] study found that 1. Another study reported similar results concluding that magnesium supplementation reduced the stress response without affecting competitive potential [8]. Athletes have been reported to have lower levels of zinc and magnesium possibly due to increased sweating while training or inadequate intake in their diets [2,3,9- 1. Additionally, zinc and magnesium supplementation has been reported to have positive effects on resistance training athletes [1. Theoretically, zinc and magnesium supplementation may enhance anabolic hormonal profiles, reduce catabolism, improve immune status, and/or improve adaptations to resistance training. In support of this theory, Brilla and Conte [1. ZMA supplementation during off- season football resistance training promoted significant increases in testosterone, IGF- 1, and muscle strength. However, it is clear that more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplementing the diet with a commercially available supplement containing ZMA during training affects zinc and magnesium status, anabolic and catabolic hormone profiles, and/or training adaptations. Methods. Subjects. Forty- two resistance- trained male subjects participated in this study. Subjects had to have at least of one year prior resistance training at a frequency of three times per week to be considered for this study. Subjects were excluded from participation if they were not between 1. A physical readiness questionnaire was completed to assess general health of the participant. Subjects were not currently (or in the past six months) taking dietary supplements containing creatine, glutamine, arginine, HMB, androstendione, thermogenics, or any other ergogenic supplement. Subjects meeting eligibility criteria were informed of the requirements of the study and signed an informed consent statement in compliance with the Human Subjects Guidelines of Baylor University and the American College of Sports Medicine. Subjects were descriptively 2. Study Design. This study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Subjects completed two familiarization sessions one week prior to baseline testing. During the familiarization sessions, subjects completed a health history questionnaire, personal information sheet, and signed an informed consent statement. In addition, subjects completed one set of leg press and bench press as well as a Wingate anaerobic power test. Each participant was given personal instruction on how to fill out their training and diet logs. Diet logs were kept in order to ensure caloric intake did not differ significantly between groups. Training logs were kept to document number of sets, repetitions and weight used during each training session. This was done to calculate training volume for each participant. Subjects were then scheduled to report to the lab for baseline testing (T1). Participants were instructed to refrain from exercise for 4. Additionally, subjects were instructed to keep a four day diet record (including one weekend day) prior to each testing session. Testing sessions included assessment of body weight and body composition, procurement of fasting blood samples, and performing 1- RM and 8. RM tests on the bench press and leg press and a Wingate anaerobic power test. Subjects were then randomized to ingest placebo or ZMA supplements and to begin training as described below. Participants returned to the lab after four (T2) and eight weeks (T3) of training. Testing Procedures. Nutritional records were evaluated and analyzed by a registered dietitian using the Food Processor nutritional analysis software (ESHA Research Inc., Salem, OR). Height was measured using standard anthropometry and total body weight was measured using a calibrated electronic scale with a precision of ± 0. Bridgeview, Illinois). Total body water was estimated using a Xitron 4. Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (Xitron Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA). The BIA method has been determined to be a valid measure for total body water [1. Whole- body (excluding cranium) composition was estimated by certified personnel using a Hologic QDR- 4. W dual- energy x- ray absorptiometry (DEXA) using Hologic software version 9. C (Waltham, MA). This test evaluates body composition and body density by scanning the entire body with a low dose of radiation taking approximately 6 min. An analysis of the subject's fat mass, soft tissue (muscle) mass, and bone mass was provided and used to determine body composition changes throughout the duration of the study. The DEXA scans regions of the body (right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg, left leg) to determine bone mass, fat mass and lean mass within each region. The scanned bone, fat, and lean mass for each region is then subtotaled to determine whole- body (excluding cranium) values. Percent body fat was determined by dividing the amount of fat mass by the total scanned mass (bone mass, fat mass and lean mass). Test- retest reliability studies performed on male athletes with this DEXA machine yielded a mean deviation for total BMC and total fat free/soft tissue mass of 0. This method of determining body composition has been shown to be valid [1. Subjects then donated approximately 2. Two 1. 0 m. L serum separation (SST) vacutainers and one 5 m. L anticoagulant tube containing K3 (EDTA) vacutainer was inserted for blood collection using multiple sample phlebotomy techniques. Serum from the SST were centrifuged at 5,0. Biofuge 1. 7R centrifuge (Heraeus Inc., Germany). Serum from both SSTs was transferred into three microcentrifuge tubes and frozen at - 8. C for subsequent analysis. Remaining serum was transferred from the SST and placed into a sterile collection tube. Serum and whole blood samples (EDTA) were refrigerated and sent to Quest Diagnostics Labs (Dallas, TX). A complete 3. 1 panel clinical chemistry profile and various markers of muscle/protein breakdown, shown in Table 1, was run on serum samples using the Technicon DAX model 9. Technicon Inc. Terry Town, NY) following standard clinical procedures. Whole blood cell counts with percent differentials were run on whole blood samples using a Coulter STKS automated analyzer using standard procedures (Coulter Inc., Hialeah, FL). These analyzers were calibrated daily to controls according to manufacturer's recommendations and federal guidelines for clinical diagnostic laboratories. Test to test reliability of performing these assays ranged from 2 to 6% for individual assays with an average variation of ± 3%. Samples were run in duplicate to verify results if the observed values were outside control values and/or clinical norms according to standard procedures. Total and free testosterone, IGF- 1, growth hormone, and cortisol levels were assayed in duplicate in the Exercise Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory (EBNL) using standard ELISA techniques. Test to test reliability of performing these assays were ± 3–5%. Serum zinc and magnesium levels were assayed using standard procedures by the Department of Human Nutrition at The Ohio State University under the supervision of Robert Di. Silvestro, Ph. D. Test to test reliability of performing these assays were ± 2–4%. Metabolic and clinical chemistry panels and various hormones analyzed. Subjects warmed- up (2 sets of 8 – 1.
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